Rational Decision Making Model Essay - 1605 Words

Rational Decision Making Model Abstract What is a decision? The word decision can be defined as, â€Å"the act of reaching a conclusion or making up ones mind† (American Heritage, 2000). Essentially, a decision is a choice that an individual or a group of people makes. A decision can be a single action, an entire process, or even just a single spoken word or gesture. Decision-making is one of the defining characteristics of leadership. Making decisions is what managers and leaders are paid to do, and is an integral part of their day’s duties. The affects of decisions can range from minor in consequence to life or career threatening. Regardless of the consequences, it is important to understand when a decision needs to be made and the†¦show more content†¦3). Essentially, the Rational Model requires people to have a clear understanding of the actual problem. Unless the issue is clearly established, the Rational Model can be ineffective. This model also incorporates extensive research, so that all opti ons or alternatives can be brought before the decision-maker(s). The Rational Model is a step-by-step decision-making model. Depending on the source of definition for the Rational Model, it consists of anywhere from four to nine steps that must be taken to reach a comprehensive, educated and effective solution. Basically, the Rational Model can be broken down into four basic steps, which can be further diluted to create the additional three to five steps. Step 1 – Define the Problem The first step of the Rational Model is to define the problem. As stated in the definition, in order for the Rational Model to be effective, the problem or issue needs to be clearly understood. It is imperative to truly understand to source of a problem, not just the symptoms. The MBA program at the University of Houston Victoria provides this example, â€Å"if a member of your staff is impolite to a client on the phone, the problem may not be that your staff member is impolite--it may be that he needs customer service training, or that he is having difficulty coping with the stress that his professional responsibilities involve† (2005). Essentially, the virus needs to be treated, not the cough it causes. Step 2 – GenerateShow MoreRelatedRational Decision Making Model1679 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract What is a decision? The word decision can be defined as, the act of reaching a conclusion or making up ones mind (American Heritage, 2000). Essentially, a decision is a choice that an individual or a group of people makes. A decision can be a single action, an entire process, or even just a single spoken word or gesture. Decision-making is one of the defining characteristics of leadership. Making decisions is what managers and leaders are paid to do, and is an integral part of theirRead MoreThe Rational Decision Making Model1066 Words   |  5 Pageswe do the most. All of these things, both small and large require a process that is commonly referred to as the decision making process. Decisions make up every aspect of our daily lives that is remotely imaginable. One of the most common decision making model is called the, rational decision making model. The first step in the model is to construe the problem or the actual decision to be made. Then, you will identify the information needed for the process to go forth. After that, you will weighRead MoreRational Model Of Decision Making1287 Words   |  6 Pagescompany and will be understood by every employee. The first step within the rational model of decision making is to identify the problem or opportunity at hand. This can be anywhere from customer compliments to turnover of staff or mergers that can take place to hiring a new top executive. This stage is all about making improvements and diagnosing them in the proper way. The second step within the rational model of decision making it to think up alternative solutions. This can be either obvious or creativeRead MoreRational Model Of Decision Making1036 Words   |  5 Pagesand/or how would you apply these to your workplace? Tools for decision making is interesting topic to me. I used probability theory some time using actual values. Often everyone use the probability concept based on the previous experience and knowledge. This the first time came across decision making software. I searched internet about decision making software. Those program leads the user through the steps of the formal decision making process. These days I am looking for Laboratory Management SoftwareRead MoreThe Rational Decision Making Model766 Words   |  4 PagesMost of us have to make decisions from the time we wake up until the time we go to bed at night. Answering questions like what should I eat for breakfast, can I make that yellow light and should I go to the gym or go out for pizza all require us to make a choice or a decision (Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., 2009). At work I am challenged with collaborating with managers and other leaders to make decisions based on scenarios and events that occur in the hospital. The challenge when workingRead MoreThe Rational Decision Making Model Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesrecommendations of the report. The rational decision making model is utilized to make the best decision possible. â€Å"The rational decision making model is the best-known prescriptive model; the model involves several sequential steps: identifying the problem, determining the goals and objectives, identifying and evaluating alternative policies, choosing from the alternatives, recommending actions, implementation, and evaluation (Smith, 2014).† The use of this model is justified as it provides structureRead MoreDecision Making : The Rational Planning Model969 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of decision-making, and the models used during this process, has long been a focus in the field of Urban Planning. Part of this focus has been a discussion regarding which decision-making model is best suited for this profession. One often employed but highly controversial model for decision-making found in this field is the rational planning model. This model, which was first adopted by planners in the 1950’s and 1960’s, focuses on addressing the problems of cities and their inhabitantsRead MoreRational Decision Making Model Of An Intuitive Model941 Words   |  4 PagesI would use rational decision-making model to assist Catherine in her decision-making. First of all, because a rational decision model provides structure and discipline to the decision making process. In contrast an intuitive model is basically making decisions based on feelings. Catherine cannot afford to make a decision just based on feeling because at this stage in her life, she wants to make a decision that is going to be logical and based on facts. Therefore, Catherine will have full and perfectRead MoreThe Rational Model of Policy Decision Making2813 Words   |  12 PagesLefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public Policy and Policy Analysis: The Rational Model Question: The rational model of public p olicy making, though heavily criticized, is the most widely used and or talked about model. Discuss why. By Lefoko O. Molebatsi (University of Botswana) Instructor: Prof G. S Maipose 2001 1 Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) -----------------------------Read MoreThe Rational Model of Policy Decision Making2827 Words   |  12 PagesLefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public Policy and Policy Analysis: The Rational Model Question: The rational model of public policy making, though heavily criticized, is the most widely used and or talked about model. Discuss why. By Lefoko O. Molebatsi (University of Botswana) Instructor: Prof G. S Maipose 2001 1 Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) -------------------------

Essay about Killer Angels - 1119 Words

Wars have been fought for many different reasons through the years, and that holds true for the American Civil War (1861-1865). In Michael Shaara’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Killer Angels, the reasons for fighting the war are brought about through the officers and soldiers at a famous battle site of the Civil War, Gettysburg. Gettysburg was one of the most documented battles of the whole war. It took place over a span of three days and can be viewed as a turning point from Confederate prominence to Confederate demise. The Union and the Confederacy each had their own views as to why they were fighting the war. The propaganda pitch the Union gave was they were fighting to free the slaves. This was not true! It was said Southerners†¦show more content†¦The Federal government needed the income from the South so they were forced into fighting to save the tax coming from the South. Without consulting Congress, Lincoln sent great armies of destruction to the South. The Southern people had no choice but to defend themselves from this invasion. The South fought, simply, for their independence, as the United States federal government of the northern states refused to allow the South to leave peacefully. The men of the South did not fight to win their freedom; they fought to keep it! For all intents and purposes, if the North had not invaded the South, there would have been no war. The name quot;civil warquot; implies that two, or more, groups of people within a country take up arms against each other in a struggle for the government. This was not what took place in the South between 1861 a nd 1865. It was an invasion of one nation into another independent, sovereign nation. The struggle is properly called quot;The War For Southern Independence,quot; as that is the most correct description of the reasoning behind the war. The Southern soldier fought to protect his home, State, and Nation from the invading United States army. He fought in honor of his forefathers who had fought against British tyranny. The soldiers of the Confederacy were not traitors. Some historians have branded any manShow MoreRelatedEssay On Killer Angels1776 Words   |  8 PagesKiller Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara. The book tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel is told through the voices of both Union army and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia leaders who were in battle there. The novel is laid out in days and each new chapter for the day gives a number and the name of the man who is the focus of the chapter. In Killer Angels, t he Army of Northern Virginia’s demise is highlighted by a few different featuresRead More Killer Angels Essay2541 Words   |  11 Pages The Killer Angels The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives the full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of the generals and men involved in the action of the battle. The historical account of the BattleRead MoreKiller Angels Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesKiller Angels The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of theRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Background Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. Although writing was his passion, Shaara was very athletically successful in high school, winning more awards than any other student in the history of the school for sports such as basketball, track and baseball. He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches ShaaraRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Abraham Lincoln1046 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst itself cannot stand.† Lincoln believes that there is no such thing as a balance between free and slave states and that the two contradictory governments are bound to fall. That describes the conflict that occurs in the fictional novel, The Killer Angels, a civil war story between the Union and Confederate states fighting to achieve the government they yearn for. The setting takes place in the midst of the Battle of Gettysburg as the two sides prepare for the fight. The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels Book Review1641 Words   |  7 PagesKatie Cline The Killer Angels Book Review June 21, 2012 The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara: The Random House Publishing Group, New York, 1974. The Killer Angels is a stunning recollection of the telltale battle of the Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg. Set from June 29 to July 3, 1863 and told from the vantage points of several soldiers and commanding officers from both sides, including Lee, Longstreet, and Chamberlain, Michael Shaara effectively paints a picture of the war that divided AmericaRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1206 Words   |  5 PagesShawn Gacy American Lit. Mrs. Moyer September 11, 2015 Summer Reading The book I chose to read over the summer was the book The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the Confederate army, and the Union army, fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. When the battle ended, fifty one thousand men were KIA (Killed In Action), wounded, or MIA (Missing in Action). All the characters in this book are basedRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Killer Angels is a novel written by Michael Shaara which tells the story of the four day battle of Gettysburg from June 30 and ended July 3, 1863.There were two armies in the novel the Union and the Confederate soliders who eneded up fighting in a town called Gettysburg located in Pennsylvania. In the novel, there are four major characters who were all Generals, General Lee, General Longstreet, General Pickett, and Colonel Chamberlain.The main cause of the war was the confederate wanting to splitRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1117 Words   |  5 Pages Michael Shaara’s 1974 historical novel, The Killer Angels, covers the story of the four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that also features maps for visualization. The format of the story is well organized. It begins with a Foreword, which describes in great detail the armies and soldiers involved in the battle. It follows up with four sections and within each section there are chapters that are written in chronological order, covering the events between Monday, June 29, 1863 and Friday, July 3Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1947 Words   |  8 Pagesthe dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives this full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara author of â€Å"The Killer Angels,† tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of generals Robe rt E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford, and the other men involved in the action

Music Can Be Seen as Related to Gender. free essay sample

For many years discussions of sexuality were informed by a distinction between sex and gender. The sex of a person was Judged to be biologically determined and their gender to be culturally and socially constructed (Firebombed, Hill and Turner, 1988: 103). Gender roles are frequently based around the Ideas that women are expected to be more passive and emotional and men more assertive and rational. The first type of essentialist that can be found in this area [music and gender] is the idea that men and women express some essential masculine or feminine forms of sexuality.The second type is that this in turn can be found manifested in the content of particular cultural products and practices. (Nexus, p. 124). Jeffery Weeks argued that biology merely provides a set of potentialities that are transformed and given meaning in social relationships (1986: 25). One of the reasons why gender has perhaps often been considered to be more social, and sex in turn more natural, is that gender Is usually more visible as a series of conventions about dress codes, expected public bodily behavior, manner of speech and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Can Be Seen as Related to Gender. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sex, however, Is loosely connected to sexuality, which has often been Informed by beliefs that this should be a more private affair. The adolescently between sex and gender Is therefore both Ideological and misleading. Here I follow the approach of Weeks, who has argued that gender is the social condition of being male or female, and sexuality, the cultural way of living out our bodily pleasures and desires (1 986: 45). Is rock itself an inherently masculine genre? One of the earliest attempts to start theorizing the relationship between rock music and sexuality can be found in an essay written bySimon Firth and Angela Microbes (1978), in which they argued that rock operated as a form of sexual expression and as a form of sexual control. Firth and Microbes declared that, in terms of control and production, rock is a male form (1978: 5). This argument was illustrated with reference of two different types of music: coco rock and teenybopper. Coco rock Is a term that was coined by feminists during the early asses to refer to male performers such as Mice Jaeger, Roger Dallier and Robert Plant, who were aggressive, dominating and boastful.Women were often portrayed as subordinate in their songs and represented as sex objects on ALP covers. The music was loud, rhythmically insistent, built around techniques of arousal and climax, the lyrics are assertive and arrogant.. . coco rockers musical skills become synonymous with their sexual skills (Firth and Microbes (1978: 7). They believe that men dominate and control the production, reproduction and dissemination of rock music and this is reflected in the music.Comparing this with teenybopper, which was Judged to be consumed almost exclusively by girls, Firth and Microbes found a contrasting representation of male sexuality based on softer ballad styles, and evocations of self- itty and vulnerability which encouraged female fantasies about being the partner of a singer. Firth and Microbes argument was based on a narrow series of essentialist assumptions which privileged heterosexual behavior. As Weeks (1986) has argued, male and female sexuality Is far more varied and differentiated.Against Firth and Microbes argument that rock is male because it is controlled by men and therefore historical approach by claiming that rock has been actively made as male. Focusing on a specific submerge, heavy metal, he notes that heavy rock is not enjoyed entirely y male audience and neither does it communicate one type of masculinity. Waller continues to argue that heavy metal musicians do not simply express some essential maleness but instead are involved in what he calls forging masculinity. This is not a type of unmediated cultural expression but a conscious and deliberate strategy.Annals argues that for most of its early history, heavy metal was actively made as male through a series of quite particular practices, strategies and tactics. Waller Identified four such strategies that he found articulated in song lyrics, through the use of musical codes and music videos. These he has identified as: 1 . ) ascription, Inch means no girls are allowed; 2. ) misogyny, an anti-woman strategy which results n women appearing in songs and videos as mysterious or dangerous and as a threat to male control; 3. ) romance, a cultural strategy whereby love, escape and fantasy provide a means of transcending everyday problems; 4. Androgyny, which is an ambiguous and contradictory strategy while using elements of conventionally feminine clothing (lace, stockings and make-up), many hard rock musicians seek to assert their heterosexuality and are anxious that their androgyny should not lead to heir sexuality being wrongly attributed as gay by fans, other musicians or journalists. I agree with Goodliest and Wald when they argue that rock can provide a means by which women can actively create distinctive female subcultures by using the example of Riot Girl.The label Riot Girl typically applied to a US sub-genre of alternative rock performed by female artists and groups that emerged in the early asses. The Musical style appropriates elements of punk, hard-rock and grunge. Omen musicians challenged the use of the guitar as a symbol of male power; the female voice was employed to challenge the macho assertiveness of rock in reticular through screaming and the adoption of a variety of vocal sounds that were used to evoke rage, pleasure and/or primal self assertion (Goodliest and Wald, 1994: 261). As performers, women neither tried to become one of the boys nor played up to the traditional feminine image by seeking the heterosexual male gaze. Lyrically the songs dealt with taboo or private issues such as menstruation, incest, abuse, birth, motherhood and lesbian sex. Riot Girl paved the way for wider recognition of Omen artists and groups in alternative rock genres (whether or not explicitly political in nature).However, Goodliest and Wald tempered their optimism with the observation that, despite the advances made by a few female performers, the on- going tradition of rock is still deeply masculinity (1994: 252). After all, where are the female rock musicians who might challenge the success of Guns N Roses, 1. 12 or ERM? The conclusion that might be drawn from this writing on rock and sexuality is that rock is a genre that has been sexed in a very particular way, and as such its generic codes and conventions can present a formidable barrier to musicians who Net to challenge a nd change them.One quote that agrees that rock is male, is made by Julie Burial (1994) where she states that l know its a sexist thing to say, but Omen arent as good at making music as men like theyre not as good as men at football. A girl in a dress with a guitar looks weird. Its k on the radio, because you cant see them. Christie Hymned is an exception. Very few of them are exceptions. And great fan of girls in pop. There are Just two types of female making pop music today those blessed with good looks, and those who would perhaps be better served by an undercover visit to the local plastic surgeon.Women rockers] are Just indulging in ugly winning bleating. When ugly winning get left by some scrawny, spotty failed musician they blame the whole world but you couldnt give a sit because they sound so bucking whiningly horrible. Paul Lester (1992), This is a pretty harsh comment to make, suggesting that only pretty women can pull off being a rock musician. It should not be based on looks, after all, not a lot of male rockers are attractive. An example of a Riot Girl Group is Hole that were formed in 1989.They are not (considered to be) an original Riot Girl group although there are musical, hayrick and attitudinal similarities. Their key albums are: Pretty on the Inside (1991); Live Through This (1994); Celebrity Skin (1998). Their musical output was often dominated by Loves (controversial) public image. Live Through This draws on punk, rock and grunge and it parallels with Nirvanas Nevermore. It utilities alternating soft Jeers/explosive chorus (CB. Nirvana).This Riot Girl group has an abrasive and ironic/ Nor-weary vocal delivery (as opposed to the stereotypically polished or sweet- sounding female vocal). It is made catchy with the use of melodic pop hooks and endemic chorus. The lyrics synthesis the intimately confessional with the socially relevant (again, producing songs that operate both individually and collectively). Powerful use of dynamic contrast at all levels acoustic v heavy distortion; gentle low register v shouting/screaming high register; understated verse v powerful chorus. Riot Girl was essentially about empowerment but, wary of the bad press, the Riot Frumps and Feminine tags, many women in bands distanced themselves from it in droves. Riot Girl ultimately was a fanzine-led flashlight, a media rocket supporting he key-issue a womans place in art and rock culture. (O Bribe, p. 164) It is not Just rock that has been generically sexed, but also disco and Jazz. When writing about rock, Firth and Microbes had argued that disco expressed a sexuality which was cool, restrained and understated (1978 :19).Basing many of their observations on the disco movie Saturday Night Fever, they wrote of the social relations of disco as traditional girls dreaming of disco romance and boys dreaming of quick and easy sex (1978: 19). Yet disco music, far from being associated simply with traditional trousseaux conventions, is a genre that has frequently been linked with gay male sexuality. Richard Dyer argues that disco has been taken up by gays in ways that may Nell not have been intended by its producers (1990:413).The apparent gayness of disco has been questioned by John Gill (1995), who has been critical of many of the assumptions that have been made about gay preferences in music (e. G. Who says that gay men prefer opera, show tunes and disco? ). Gill is particularly critical of the Nay that gay disco music has become something of a sexual stereotype among both ay and non-gay music fans. I believe that although disco may not have been Intended to be gay by its producers, it has still somewhat become gay with its cheesy music/lyrics, bright colors, fancy, over-the-top clothing etc.In discussing this he has made some interesting observations on the sexing of musical genres and in particular about the sexing of Jazz. Gill has noted how the lesbian, gay and bisexual aspects to the lives and music of many prominent composers and musicians have referring to the experiences of the gay Jazz musician Gary Burton, whose experiences as led him to conclude that Jazzs public image does not fit well with being a gay person (1995:75). This is an interesting observation because for many of its devotes Jazz is thought not to have an image (unlike the excesses of rock performance for example).Yet, as Burton observes from touring and performing; Many people still persist in wanting Jazz to be played by bucked-up addicts and alcoholics, in cramped smoky clubs, while wearing garish clothes and silly hats and sunglasses and talking jive talk. I get complaints all the time about not looking the part (Gill 1995:75). This argument about males being superior, has been going on for many years, long before rock, Jazz or disco. As Susan McClain states with her argument that, much of the Nesters classical tradition can be understood as patriarchal.She gives four such examples: 1 . ) The exclusion of, or writing out of history of, women composers and performers; 2. ) The use of gendered terms (e. G. Feminine ending or feminine cadence); 3. ) The stereotypically gendered portrayal of female (and male) characters n opera; 4. ) That sonata form itself plays out a narrative of masculine domination. Doll Bernhard Marx once stated in his lengthy discussion of sonata form that in sonata form the first theme is masculine and the second theme feminine. In this pair of themes The first theme is the one determined at the outset, that is, with a primary freshness and energy consequently that which is energetically, emphatically, absolutely shaped The dominating and determining feature. On the other hand, the second theme Is serving as a contrast, dependent on and determined by the former consequently, and according to its nature necessarily, the milder idea, one more apple than emphatically shaped, as if it were the feminine to that proceeding masculine. The construction of gender that he suggested here would become one of his most influential assertions, one that has become both disturbing and deeply problematic. Burlier also thought of the first expositions theme of his Symphonies fantasies as a construction of the feminine, not the masculine, as would apparently also be true, much later, of Wagers Satisfied-loudly. Also with Mendelssohn Overture to A midsummer nights dream from 1826, were the second theme was meant to evoke the feminine. Another use of the gendered term feminine is also used to describe cadences. The general idea among musicians is that the feminine cadence is weak and the masculine strong. But this general idea is erroneous. The feminine cadence is often stronger than the masculine and is used in powerfully rhythmic music such as polonaises. To conclude, I do believe that rock has been actively made as male. However, I do not agree that only males can play rock, as I have witnessed myself many female rock bands sing and play equally (sometimes better) than male rock bands.Heavy metal may have been made in a very territories manner, but it still might provide a number of possibilities for the making of an anti-sexist rock. Bibliography * Firebombed, Hill and Turner, Audiences: A Sociological Theory of performance and imagination. London: Sage, 1998 * Nexus, Popular Music in Theory: An Angela Microbes, 1978: Taking popular music seriously. Seagate Publishing, Ltd. , 2007 * Robert Waller, Running with the Devil: power, gender, and madness in heavy metal music. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, 1993 * Goodliest and Anal, Alternative Femininity: body, age and identity.

Shopping With Teenagers Essay Example

Shopping With Teenagers Essay In this fast paced world, families divide their time by allocating chores on various family members. However, a family economy activity like shopping, whether for groceries or clothes and accessories, is most beneficial when done in participative manner by family members. Why is this so? I wish to attempt in this paper to examine and elucidate on the dynamics of this economic activity, particularly the advantages of bringing one’s teenage children to a buying experience. II. Parent’s Perspective Many parents, mothers in particular, do shopping for household needs. However, there are plenty of times that after doing the activity, the parent end up with articles that they do not need or a particular member does not like the choice of purchase. On occasions, arguments ensue over such unilateral decisions by parents. When consultation is made on the other hand, what is difficult with this is the fact that, time is consumed for exchange of ideas. What happens usually though is that in actual situations almost every family lack the time and space to discuss what their preferences are. Hence, the best option is to bring various family members to shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Shopping With Teenagers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shopping With Teenagers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shopping With Teenagers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In general, I think the essential and long term positive result of shopping with teenagers is the vicarious and informal way of teaching these children decision making skills. Developing such ability empowers the teenagers to make wise decisions on the use of money, and other exchanges happening during shopping. Young children can be brought to shopping but, more often they are not allowed to make much choice in the purchase, except, to a large extent, on food purchases. At their developmental stage, they are taught at their level, in graduated terms. However, the teenager is at a developmental stage where he/she is ready to accept minor and some heavy responsibilities. They are better able to absorb learning situations better and faster. In the case of this economic activity, this is actually the right time for inculcating values – for money, resources and responsibility. In my observation, decision making abilities are developed during shopping. What is involved during shopping is at times the time constraint. When there is limited time, mother and teenager develop fast thinking ability. The teenager is taught how to budget-calculate the amount incurred as against the fund available. Budgeting is quite difficult to teach because it entails a trial and error method. More often, errors result rather than the precision and correct choices made. If parents get stressed out teaching their teenagers this process, children would end up not learning what and how to buy critically. The aim of every parent for teenagers is for their children to buy things or food, with quality, less cost and durability in mind. III. Teenagers’ Perspective To me, money and possession of it entails responsibility. If at this stage, the teenage son or daughter has not learned important elements of the use of their money and the money earned by their parents, a lifetime of difficulty, even poverty, is a real possibility. What makes this shopping a way of teaching the adolescent children is the fact that it is a leisure activity for children. Inherent in every shopping is its enjoyable experience; an aspect which can be utilized to help make the experience a learning one. For every teenager, I believe that shopping is thoroughly pleasurable. I even overhear a neighbor and her teenage son doing shopping together and her son (who obviously enjoyed this) refer this experience together as â€Å"pleasure.† He would say to his mom, â€Å"Mom, can we go to ‘pleasure’ today?† Probably, it is simply because, he can be with his mother the whole time; lapping it all up, so to speak. The fact that he is a middle child among two other siblings might probably his reason to make these trips with mom such a pleasant experience. Lastly, it is my belief, from personal experience, that having the purchasing power is important to a teenager. Even when mom is around, he or she is afforded the opportunity to make the choice about what should be purchased. It gives the person a sense of personal satisfaction. IV. Conclusion I cannot deny that shopping with adolescent children is not difficult also, nor does it have only the plus side. Shopping with teenage children can mean headache to a mother or parent. The teenager in his/her generation prefers things or food that parents do not approve of more often. They may dress up differently or be influenced by media to choose food that have empty calories. Unless the mother knows how to bargain and make compromises, shopping malls can turn out to be battlefront for families. In my opinion, a shopping activity helps cement relationships and enables teenage children to talk with parents. It is accepted that this stage is wrought with changes that throw a teenager into confusion and wrong choices which will mark him/her for life. It is precisely for this reason that I believe, every parent utilizes any opportunity to make and spend time with any activity to be together with their children. If the only time available is shopping, then I, if I am a parent, should grab that every available chance to enlist my teenager to go shopping with me. I can even make it a point to create occasions just to afford my teenager the attention and presence that I can give. What better way than that which is enjoyable for him/her also? Shopping together is then such a perfect prospect for the both of us.